Dehydration can be exacerbated by certain external conditions, such as intense summer heat. Some people are also more at risk of dehydration, such as the elderly , children , and babies. We will examine the causes of dehydration in seniors so we can help you take care of them.
What is dehydration?
Dehydration is a lack of water in the body. Most often, it occurs after a significant decrease in the body's water reserves without adequate replenishment, for example, during episodes of diarrhea, vomiting , or excessive sweating after exposure to extreme heat. Dehydration can also occur after burns , illnesses such as kidney failure, or the consumption of diuretic foods or medications, where water loss is also significant.
There are several degrees of dehydration, each characterized by a different set of symptoms:
- Mild to moderate dehydration manifests itself first as thirst, then as other phenomena aimed at conserving water loss from the body such as decreased perspiration, urine production and skin elasticity.
- Severe dehydration manifests itself through dizziness or fainting. Paradoxically, the sensation of thirst may be less intense in cases of severe dehydration than in cases of mild dehydration.
If water levels continue to decline, dehydration can become very severe, leading to shock and damage to internal organs. Without treatment, this can result in coma and death.
Why is dehydration a major problem among seniors?
Older people are particularly at risk of dehydration for several reasons.
Firstly, because the mechanism that triggers thirst is less efficient in them, meaning that this sensation is perceived later and with less intensity. Secondly, because they may suffer from mental or physical disorders such as dementia or mobility problems, preventing them from hydrating sufficiently.
Furthermore, older people naturally have lower water reserves, largely due to the fact that fatty tissue makes up a larger proportion of their body mass, thus increasing their susceptibility to dehydration. With age, the use of diuretic medications can also exacerbate the risk of dehydration.
Signs and symptoms of dehydration
Older adults, who are particularly vulnerable, are often at increased risk of dehydration, especially during heat waves . In nursing homes and other healthcare facilities, it is essential to quickly recognize the warning signs that may indicate dehydration in older adults , such as low blood pressure , decreased urine production, dry tongue and lips, confusion, or headaches (among others). As mentioned previously, thirst is not always detectable in older adults who are dehydrated.
The dangers and complications of dehydration in seniors
Dehydration can have serious consequences for seniors because water deprivation puts a strain on their already fragile internal organs . More specifically, age-related health conditions, such as chronic illnesses , exacerbate the risk of dehydration. Dehydration can lead to kidney problems, increasing the risk of kidney stones ; heart problems, such as low blood pressure and tachycardia ; and brain problems, such as confusion , headaches , and significant fatigue . Dehydration also increases the risk of urinary tract infections.
Doctors advise increased vigilance regarding fluid loss. In case of severe symptoms , it is necessary to seek medical help promptly to avoid serious complications. Prevention also plays a key role by ensuring that seniors adopt regular hydration habits. Don't hesitate to give them tailored advice to maintain good hydration and avoid irreversible effects on their health. Caregivers in nursing homes are also trained and aware of the symptoms of dehydration and will know how to quench the thirst of elderly residents.
How to quickly rehydrate an elderly person?
In cases of mild to moderate dehydration , the best way to rehydrate an elderly person is to give them water to drink, ensuring it contains the essential minerals necessary for proper bodily function. Then, it's important to ensure they receive sufficient hydration to compensate for their losses, both through fluids and food.
In case of severe dehydration, contact emergency services immediately. Healthcare professionals can, if necessary, compensate for the fluid and mineral deficit through intravenous fluids.
How can dehydration be prevented in older people? What should be done in cases of severe dehydration?
To best prevent dehydration, which can have serious consequences, it's wise to adopt healthy habits that ensure sufficient hydration throughout the day. Under normal conditions, a human being needs to consume approximately 2 liters of water per day to stay well-hydrated. It's therefore important to consume an amount close to this figure, spacing out your intake: drink during and between meals, without waiting until you feel thirsty. Don't hesitate to drink even if you're not thirsty during meals.
An effective way to stay hydrated is to consume oral rehydration solutions (ORS) such as Hydratis lozenges . These are specifically designed to optimize the body's absorption of water and are enriched with electrolytes and minerals to ensure a sufficient intake of these essential elements.
Top 6 most effective rehydration drinks
Hydration isn't just about drinking water. In fact, while 80% of the water our bodies absorb daily comes from drinking water, the remaining 20% comes from the water contained in food and other beverages we consume. Here's a list of the 6 most effective rehydrating drinks:
- Water : obviously, in a situation of dehydration, water should take precedence over any other beverage. However, it is essential to ensure that it is potable and contains adequate amounts of minerals.
- Drinks rich in electrolytes : these are interesting options, especially in cases of significant water loss, for example at the end of a sports session during which one has sweated profusely.
- Unsweetened infusions : these consist almost exclusively of water, while benefiting from a different aroma and therapeutic properties of the plant used.
- Broths : they allow you to hydrate while providing the body with essential nutrients and minerals.
- Diluted juices : they contain vitamins and minerals in a much higher proportion than water while containing less sugar compared to normal juices.
- Hydratis lozenges : they optimize fluid absorption in the intestine thanks to a scientifically tested blend of sodium and glucose. They also enrich the water with electrolytes.
As you might have guessed, staying well-hydrated is essential for maintaining good health. With age , proper hydration becomes especially important to prevent complications. It's crucial to watch for signs of dehydration, such as dry skin , vomiting , diarrhea , or a drop in body temperature. That's why we wanted to share the biological basis of dehydration in this article, along with best practices for preventing it in older adults.
